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Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT) in IVF Pregnancy: A Comprehensive Guide by Dr. Seema Jain

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Empowering Informed IVF: Dr. Seema Jain’s Definitive Guide to PGT

PGT in IVF treatment
In vitro fertilization (IVF) has revolutionized reproductive medicine, offering hope to millions of couples struggling with infertility. One of the most significant advancements in IVF technology is Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT), which allows for the screening of embryos for genetic abnormalities before implantation.

As a leading IVF specialist in Ravet at CheQKmate Fertility Center, Dr. Seema Jain emphasizes the importance of PGT in improving IVF success rates and ensuring healthy pregnancies.

What is Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT)?

Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT) is a cutting-edge procedure used during IVF to examine embryos for genetic disorders before they are transferred to the uterus. By selecting only the healthiest embryos, PGT increases the chances of a successful pregnancy and reduces the risk of genetic diseases in the baby.

Types of PGT There are three main types of PGT, each serving a specific purpose:

  1. PGT-A (Aneuploidy Screening)
    • Checks for chromosomal abnormalities (extra or missing chromosomes).
    • Reduces miscarriage risk and improves IVF success.
    • Recommended for women over 35, recurrent pregnancy loss, or previous IVF failures.
  2. PGT-M (Monogenic/Single Gene Disorders)
    • Screens for specific inherited genetic conditions like cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia, or Huntington’s disease.
    • Ideal for couples with a family history of genetic disorders.
  3. PGT-SR (Structural Rearrangements)
    • Detects chromosomal rearrangements (translocations, inversions).
    • Helps carriers of balanced translocations avoid passing abnormalities to their child.

Benefits of PGT in IVF

  • PGT offers several advantages for couples undergoing IVF:
  • Higher Pregnancy Success Rates : Selecting genetically normal embryos improves implantation rates.
  • Reduced Risk of Miscarriage : Many miscarriages occur due to chromosomal abnormalities; PGT minimizes this risk
  • Prevention of Genetic Diseases : Helps avoid passing on hereditary conditions.
  • Fewer IVF Cycles Needed : Reduces the need for multiple embryo transfers.
  • Gender Selection (in some cases) : Allows for family balancing when ethically permitted.

Who Should Consider PGT?

PGT is highly recommended for:

  • Advanced Maternal Age (Women 35+) : Higher risk of chromosomal abnormalities.
  • Recurrent Pregnancy Loss : Helps identify genetic causes of miscarriages.
  • Previous IVF Failures : Improves embryo selection for better outcomes.
  • Family History of Genetic Disorders : transmission of inherited diseases.
  • Male Factor Infertility : Severe sperm abnormalities may increase genetic risks.

The PGT Process: Step-by-Step

  1. Ovarian Stimulation & Egg Retrieval– Hormones stimulate egg production, followed by retrieval.
  2. Fertilization (IVF/ICSI)– Eggs are fertilized with sperm in the lab.
  3. Embryo Culture– Embryos grow for 5-6 days until the blastocyst stage.
  4. Embryo Biopsy– A few cells are carefully removed for genetic testing.
  5. Genetic Analysis– Cells are examined in a specialized lab.
  6. Embryo Transfer– Only healthy embryos are selected for transfer.
  7. Pregnancy Test– Conducted after 10-14 days.

Risks and Limitations of PGT

While PGT is highly beneficial, it has some limitations:
Not 100% Accurate – Rare false positives/negatives can occur.
Embryo Damage Risk – Small chance of harm during biopsy (though rare with advanced techniques).
No Guarantee of Pregnancy – Even genetically normal embryos may not implant. Ethical Concerns – Some debate over embryo selection and designer babies.

FAQs on Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT) -

No, PGT is performed before pregnancy (on embryos in the lab), while prenatal testing (like amniocentesis) is done during pregnancy.

PGT significantly reduces genetic risks but cannot eliminate all potential health issues.

PGT costs between ₹50,000 to ₹1,50,000, depending on the type and clinic.

No, PGT screens for specific known disorders but cannot detect every possible condition.

Yes, when performed by skilled embryologists, the risk to embryos is minimal.

Conclusion :

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Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT) is a powerful tool in IVF, offering hope for healthier pregnancies and reducing genetic risks. Dr. Seema Jain, a leading IVF specialist in Ravet at CheQKmate Fertility Center, recommends PGT for couples with genetic concerns, recurrent miscarriages, or advanced maternal age.

If you’re considering IVF with PGT, consult a fertility expert to determine the best approach for your unique situation.

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